WORLD

China’s unforgiving loan terms driving poor countries into deep despair

A dozen poor countries are facing economic instability and even collapse under the weight of hundreds of billions of dollars in foreign loans, much of them from the world’s biggest and most unforgiving government lender, China. 

An Associated Press analysis of a dozen countries most indebted to China – including Pakistan, Kenya, Zambia, Laos and Mongolia – found paying back that debt is consuming an ever-greater amount of the tax revenue needed to keep schools open, provide electricity and pay for food and fuel. And it’s draining foreign currency reserves these countries use to pay interest on those loans, leaving some with just months before that money is gone. 

Behind the scenes is China’s reluctance to forgive debt and its extreme secrecy about how much money it has loaned and on what terms, which has kept other major lenders from stepping in to help. On top of that is the recent discovery that borrowers have been required to put cash in hidden escrow accounts that push China to the front of the line of creditors to be paid. 

Countries in the AP’s analysis had as much as 50 per cent of their foreign loans from China and most were devoting more than a third of government revenue to paying off foreign debt. Two of them, Zambia and Sri Lanka, have already gone into default, unable to make even interest payments on loans financing the construction of ports, mines and power plants. 

In Pakistan, millions of textile workers have been laid off because the country has too much foreign debt and can’t afford to keep the electricity on and machines running. 

In Kenya, the government has held back pay checks to thousands of civil service workers to save cash to pay foreign loans. The president’s chief economic adviser tweeted last month: “Salaries or default? Take your pick.” 

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